干湿你干湿你s货
主演:吴颖,郭东,简耀宗
导演:白政民
类型:泰国剧
地区:大陆
年份:2019
时间:2024-06-05 20:13:49
简介:
干湿你干湿你s货讲述:Because(因果关系词)theframersoftheUnitedStatesConstitution(writtenin1787)believedthatprotectingpropertyrightsrelatingtoinventionswouldencouragethenewnation’seconomicgrowth,theygaveCongress—thenationallegislature—aconstitutionalmandatetograntpatents(本文核心事物)forinventions.Theresultingpatentsystemhasservedasamodel(重要信息)forthoseinothernations./Recently,however,scholarshavequestioned(重要信息)whethertheAmericansystemhelpedachievetheframers’goals.Thesescholarshavecontended(关注动词)thatfrom1794toroughly1830,Americaninventorswereunable(重要信息)toenforcepropertyrightsbecause(因果关系词)judgeswere“antipatent”androutinelyinvalidatedpatentsforarbitraryreasons.Thisargumentisbasedpartlyon(重要表达,表明和前句的关系)examinationofcourtdecisionsincaseswherepatentholders(“patentees?broughtsuitalleginginfringementoftheirpatentrights.//Inthe1820s,forinstance,(举例)75percentofverdictsweredecidedagainstthepatentee.Theproportionofverdictsforthepatenteebegantoincreaseinthe1830s,suggesting(关注动词)tothesescholarsthatjudicialattitudestowardpatentrightsbeganshiftingthen.(重要信息)Notallpatentdisputesintheearlynineteenthcenturywerelitigated(原??however,andlitigatedcaseswerenotdrawnrandomlyfromthepopulationofdisputes(原??Therefore(因果关系词)therateofverdictsinfavorofpatenteescannotbeusedbyitselftogaugechangesinjudicialattitudesorenforceabilityofpatentrights.//Ifearlyjudicialdecisionswereprejudicedagainstpatentees,onemightexpectthesubsequentcourts—allegedlymoresupportiveofpatentrights—wouldreject(重要信息)theformerlegalprecedents.But(转折关系词)pre-1830caseshavebeencited(重要信息)asfrequentlyaslaterdecisions,andtheycontinuetobecitedtoday,suggesting(关注动词)thattheearlydecisions,manyofwhichclearlydeclaredthatpatentrightswereajustrecompenseforinventiveingenuity,providedalastingfoundation(重要信息)forpatentlaw./Theproportionofjudicialdecisionsinfavorofpatenteesbegantoincreaseduringthe1830sbecauseof(因果关系词)achangeintheunderlyingpopulationofcasesbroughttotrial.Thischangewaspartlydueto(因果关系词)an1836revisiontothepatentsystem:anexaminationprocedure,stillinusetoday,wasinstitutedinwhicheachapplicationisscrutinizedforitsadherencetopatentlaw.Previously,patentswereautomaticallygranteduponpaymentofafee.逻辑图:第一段:要授予专利权--被质疑(无法实施:理论基础、例子)----态度改善第二段:裁决率不适用--解释不适用及理?-解释真正的原因(总量的变?-总量变化的原因:1836revision?、Thepassageimpliesthatwhichofthefollowingwasareasonthattheproportionofverdictsinfavorofpatenteesbegantoincreaseinthe1830s?APatentapplicationsapprovedafter1836weremorelikelytoadherecloselytopatentlaw.BPatentlawsenactedduringthe1830sbetterdefinedpatentrights.(未提及)CJudgesbecamelessprejudicedagainstpatenteesduringthe1830s.(被反驳的部分)DAfter1836,litigatedcasesbecamelessrepresentativeofthepopulationofpatentdisputes.(未提及1836年之后,不具有代表性)ETheproportionofpatentdisputesbroughttotrialbegantoincreaseafter1836.(没有提及比例上涨)推理题:定位到第二段第三层,对应到A选项2、Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatthefrequencywithwhichpre-1830caseshavebeencitedincourtdecisionsisanindicationthatAjudicialsupportforpatentrightswasstrongestintheperiodbefore1830(没有说是最强烈的)Bjudicialsupportforpatentrightsdidnotincreaseafter1830Ccourtshavereturnedtojudicialstandardsthatprevailedbefore1830(没有说退回到原来)Dverdictsfavoringpatenteesinpatent-infringementsuitsdidnotincreaseafter1830(跟专利侵权没有关系)Ejudicialbiasagainstpatenteespersistedafter1830(没有说bias持续存在)推理题:定位到第二段第二层suggesting的部分,原文说还是持续了之前的风格,即,支持没有增加,选B3、Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethattheauthorandthescholarsreferredtointhehighlightedtextdisagreeaboutwhichofthefollowingaspectsofthepatentsdefendedinpatent-infringementsuitsbefore1830?AWhetherthepatentsweregrantedforinventionsthatweregenuinelyuseful(未提及是否有用)BWhetherthepatentswereactuallyrelevanttothegrowthoftheUnitedStateseconomy(他们的矛盾点不在于,是否与经济相关)CWhetherthepatentswereparticularlylikelytobeannulledbyjudges(未提及是否尤其容易被judge判无效)DWhetherthepatentswereroutinelyinvalidatedforreasonsthatwerearbitraryEWhetherthepatentswerevindicatedatasignificantlylowerratethanpatentsinlatersuits(他们的矛盾点不在于,是否维护率特别低)推理题:第一段的scholars认为支持比例上升,是因为judge的态度发生了改变,第二段作者进行了有理有据的反驳,所以他们的矛盾点在于,judge的态度问题,选D4.Theauthorofthepassageciteswhichofthefollowingasevidencechallengingtheargumentreferredtointhehighlightedtext?ATheproportionofcasesthatweredecidedagainstpatenteesinthe1820s(是例子,是支持,不是challenge)BThetotalnumberofpatentdisputesthatwerelitigatedfrom1794to1830(是结论的部分,不是challenge)CThefactthatlatercourtsdrewuponthelegalprecedentssetinpre-1830patentcasesDThefactthattheproportionofjudicialdecisionsinfavorofpatenteesbegantoincreaseduringthe1830s(与比例的上涨无关)ETheconstitutionalrationaleforthe1836revisionofthepatentsystem(与revision的rationale无关)细节题:注意题干问的是challenging,原文讨论的是judge的态度的问题,关于态度的问题,第二段进行了很好的反驳,其中第二段第二层讲到lastingfoundation对应到C选项?如果想提高自立能力或希望有独立的空间,则可以选择校外租房的方式?伍千里夺过去,在自己嘴里咂摸了两口,然后说起了雷公的事情?
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